The Truth About “Diabulimia”
What is Diabulimia?
“Diabulimia” is a non-clinical term used to describe when people with type 1 diabetes misuse insulin to lose weight. Although diabulimia is not recognized as a formal diagnosis in medical and psychiatric communities, it represents a potentially life-threatening practice.
Diabulimia typically describes the intentional restriction of insulin, either by reducing or omitting doses. This induces glycosuria—the excretion of glucose into the urine—which may result in weight loss. However, this kind of insulin restriction heightens the risk of serious medical complications from diabetes (including vision loss, kidney failure, and death ).1 This behavior also results in increased psychological distress and lower quality of life.2
Insulin restriction isn’t a problem affecting only an isolated few. One study2 found that 31% of women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus reported intentional insulin restriction (8.8% restricted frequently), peaking in late adolescence and early adulthood.
Signs and Symptoms of Diabulimia
Diabulimia can be difficult to detect. Some people may exhibit eating disorder behaviors, especially those related to bulimia (e.g. binge eating and purging), while others may manipulate their insulin without engaging in other eating disorder behaviors. Signs to watch for include3:
• Unexplained weight loss
• Persistent thirst
• Frequent urination
• Depression/anxiety
• Fatigue
• Elevated hemoglobin
• Repeated diabetic ketoacidosis
• Decreased frequency of glucose monitoring
• Canceling doctor appointments or “forgetting” to bring glucose records
Diabetes and Eating Disorder Co-occurrence
The co-occurrence of eating disorders and diabetes is also common in situations that don’t involve insulin restriction. Young women with type 1 diabetes are almost twice as likely to develop an eating disorder compared with aged-matched women who are not diabetic.4 Clinicians working with adolescent and adult women with diabetes should be particularly alert to eating disorder signs, such as depressed or anxious mood, preoccupation with exercise, and low-calorie meal plans.3
Because the co-occurrence of diabetes and an eating disorder can be so complex, additional medical and psychiatric monitoring is needed, including more frequent lab tests and weight checks.3 (For more information on managing diabetes and an eating disorder, see this previous blog post). If possible, find a service like The Emily Program where medical, nursing, and nutrition providers are well-trained in managing the complexities of treating eating disorders in people with diabetes.
“We work to provide integrated treatment that addresses both the eating disorder and the unique aspects that come with co-occurring diabetes mellitus,” said Scott Crow, M.D., Chief Research Officer at The Emily Program. “The issue of insulin omission is a critically important one because it increases the risk of more diabetes complications happening earlier.”
If you have questions or are interested in learning more about The Emily Program’s services, give us a call at 1-888-364-5977.